About HTML
HTML is a language that runs on different types of computers and creates the web pages that appear on the World Wide Web (www). HTML was developed at CERN. The structure of a web page is shown by HTML. We can make the web page attractive by adding text, pictures, colors, sound and videos through HTML.
When you connect a large text together through different computers spread across the world, you get a link like a spider web, which is called the World Wide Web. In this, different computers connected to the Internet remain connected to each other. All these web pages are written in a special format. This format or language is called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). HTML is designed with a special hyper text extension to explain the logical organization of the document. It is not a language like a word processor (Katak Vtambargavat) like Word or Word Perfect. We all use HTML more because the same HTML document can be viewed in different browsers with different capabilities. For example, HTML
HTML lets you mark text such as titles and paragraphs separately and then leaves the marked elements for the browser to interpret. For example, one browser selects a new paragraph while another just leaves a blank line.
HTML (the language/element names, how to use them) is another language created using Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML. Standard Generelized Markup Language). SGML is very complex and it is made to collect very large documents. HTML is a very simple language.
However, SGML has many features which are lacking in HTML. For this reason, software experts developed a new language called XML (eXtensible Markup Language). In which the main features of HTML and SGML have been included.
History of HTML- 'Tim Berners Li' created the first HTML page in 1990. Berners-Lee created an HTML page in which many web pages were linked together and named it hyperlink. In 1992, Chan Canoly created a new format for HTML. In 1994, Dan Canoly and Carol Olson Mundro again created a new format of HTML. The latest format of HTML is HTML 4.0.
Uses of SGML:
SGML's utility for small organizations or consortia grew rapidly. Two of the first applications developed with great interest were electronics manuscripts for the Association of American Publishers (AAP) and Computer Aided Employment and Logistics Support (CALS) started by the US Department of Defense to compose documents. HTML, which Tim developed, was strongly based on SGML. They agreed globally that text should be a structural unit. For example, paragraph title, sentence, and many other entities. HTML can be implemented on any machine. The idea was that this language should be free from formatters (browsers or any other viewing software) which actually appears on the text screen. It uses pairs of tags. For example, </TITLE> and </TITLE> are directly derived from SGML and are very similar. The SGML elements which are used in Tim's HTML are <P> (Paragraph) <H> to <H6> (Header level to Header level 6) <OL> and elements) and many more.
HTML 1.0 and 20:
In 1992 Berners-Lee and the Cerny team released HTML 1.0 which was finalized in 1993. Its specification was very simple and could be printed on one side of a sheet of paper but it kept the basic idea and helped in quick discovery of HTML. That was the separation between logical structures and display elements. This was the single main idea which was helpful in learning HTML.
HTML 2.0 (November 1994) was developed with the help of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general use in late 1994.
Bowser and HTML-
Netscape was one of the browsers available. MOS AIC was available on LINUX Unix machines offered by NCSA and a few other companies were developing browsers. One of them was PYGLA which was bought by Microsoft and became the basis for Internet Explorer. Each browser has a rendering engine which is the code that tells the HTML how to take it and convert it to what you see on the screen. HTML 3.0 and HTML 3.2 were proposed in 1993 and HTML 3.30 in 1995. The W3C (World
Wide Web Consortium), the body that developed HTML, attempted to bring some of the changes to HTML 1.0, but there was a lot of confusion about what to include. The W3C's HTML Working Group resulted in HI ML 3.2 for general practice in 1996. It was finalized in January 1997. The main feature added was the ability to wrap text around tables and images.
HTML 4.0X:
W3C proposed HTML 4.0 in late 1997 and further proposed HTML 4.03 in 1990 which corrected some of the changes made in version 3.2. This version corrected some of the weird mistakes made in version 3.2, especially Cascading Style Sheets.
XML 1.0:
This is the successor to HTML. Here X stands for eXtensible. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a refined version of HTML 4.01. It is the current standard for creating web pages. It incorporated some drastic changes in coding. For example virtually all tags are now closed, including the paragraph tag. Other tags such as FONT tags have been removed in favor of cascading style sheets to control all presentation elements.
DHTML:
The word dynamic means motion or movement and change. A major drawback of HTML is its static nature. DHTML (Dynamic HTML) uses the correct positioning and layering of elements to create new effects with CSS style.
Switching between opened windows and browser: Notepad is used to write HTML code and this code can be opened using a browser. There are two ways to switch between open windows and browser. These are:
1. Windows are switched between each other using Tab + Alt keys.
2. Windows can be opened by clicking the mouse on the Windows icon on the task bar.
When you connect a large text together through different computers spread across the world, you get a link like a spider web, which is called the World Wide Web. In this, different computers connected to the Internet remain connected to each other. All these web pages are written in a special format. This format or language is called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). HTML is designed with a special hyper text extension to explain the logical organization of the document. It is not a language like a word processor (Katak Vtambargavat) like Word or Word Perfect. We all use HTML more because the same HTML document can be viewed in different browsers with different capabilities. For example, HTML
HTML lets you mark text such as titles and paragraphs separately and then leaves the marked elements for the browser to interpret. For example, one browser selects a new paragraph while another just leaves a blank line.
HTML (the language/element names, how to use them) is another language created using Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML. Standard Generelized Markup Language). SGML is very complex and it is made to collect very large documents. HTML is a very simple language.
However, SGML has many features which are lacking in HTML. For this reason, software experts developed a new language called XML (eXtensible Markup Language). In which the main features of HTML and SGML have been included.
History of HTML- 'Tim Berners Li' created the first HTML page in 1990. Berners-Lee created an HTML page in which many web pages were linked together and named it hyperlink. In 1992, Chan Canoly created a new format for HTML. In 1994, Dan Canoly and Carol Olson Mundro again created a new format of HTML. The latest format of HTML is HTML 4.0.
Uses of SGML:
SGML's utility for small organizations or consortia grew rapidly. Two of the first applications developed with great interest were electronics manuscripts for the Association of American Publishers (AAP) and Computer Aided Employment and Logistics Support (CALS) started by the US Department of Defense to compose documents. HTML, which Tim developed, was strongly based on SGML. They agreed globally that text should be a structural unit. For example, paragraph title, sentence, and many other entities. HTML can be implemented on any machine. The idea was that this language should be free from formatters (browsers or any other viewing software) which actually appears on the text screen. It uses pairs of tags. For example, </TITLE> and </TITLE> are directly derived from SGML and are very similar. The SGML elements which are used in Tim's HTML are <P> (Paragraph) <H> to <H6> (Header level to Header level 6) <OL> and elements) and many more.
HTML 1.0 and 20:
In 1992 Berners-Lee and the Cerny team released HTML 1.0 which was finalized in 1993. Its specification was very simple and could be printed on one side of a sheet of paper but it kept the basic idea and helped in quick discovery of HTML. That was the separation between logical structures and display elements. This was the single main idea which was helpful in learning HTML.
HTML 2.0 (November 1994) was developed with the help of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general use in late 1994.
Bowser and HTML-
Netscape was one of the browsers available. MOS AIC was available on LINUX Unix machines offered by NCSA and a few other companies were developing browsers. One of them was PYGLA which was bought by Microsoft and became the basis for Internet Explorer. Each browser has a rendering engine which is the code that tells the HTML how to take it and convert it to what you see on the screen. HTML 3.0 and HTML 3.2 were proposed in 1993 and HTML 3.30 in 1995. The W3C (World
Wide Web Consortium), the body that developed HTML, attempted to bring some of the changes to HTML 1.0, but there was a lot of confusion about what to include. The W3C's HTML Working Group resulted in HI ML 3.2 for general practice in 1996. It was finalized in January 1997. The main feature added was the ability to wrap text around tables and images.
HTML 4.0X:
W3C proposed HTML 4.0 in late 1997 and further proposed HTML 4.03 in 1990 which corrected some of the changes made in version 3.2. This version corrected some of the weird mistakes made in version 3.2, especially Cascading Style Sheets.
XML 1.0:
This is the successor to HTML. Here X stands for eXtensible. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a refined version of HTML 4.01. It is the current standard for creating web pages. It incorporated some drastic changes in coding. For example virtually all tags are now closed, including the paragraph tag. Other tags such as FONT tags have been removed in favor of cascading style sheets to control all presentation elements.
DHTML:
The word dynamic means motion or movement and change. A major drawback of HTML is its static nature. DHTML (Dynamic HTML) uses the correct positioning and layering of elements to create new effects with CSS style.
Switching between opened windows and browser: Notepad is used to write HTML code and this code can be opened using a browser. There are two ways to switch between open windows and browser. These are:
1. Windows are switched between each other using Tab + Alt keys.
2. Windows can be opened by clicking the mouse on the Windows icon on the task bar.
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